design and analysis of circularly polarized fractal slotted antennas for wireless applications

Abstract

newline The demand of microstrip antennas (MSAs) is increasing rapidly, with the advancement in wireless communications, because of their supreme level features such aslight weight, low profile, and convenient compatibility withmonolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC) along with curved surfaces. If we use the printed-circuit technology the huge production of the MSAs could be done at a minor cost. Consequently, microstripantennas are successfully involved in many wireless applications ranging from household appliances to space communications in various ways, includingsatellite and cellularcommunications, remote sensing and strategic defence equipment, mobile communications, radar and GPS receivers. In addition to its many advantages, it has serious inherent disadvantages, such as limited bandwidth and low gain, which limit its use in certain areas. newline newlineThere are lots of techniques that have been introduced to obtain the CP operation for severalapplications of wireless communication by designing different structures. These strategies incorporate stacked configuration, fractal DGS and fractal-slot layout. Moreover, distinct techniques of feeding had been additionally adopted to energise the antennas to attain the broadband and better gain. The simulating procedure of the designed structure configurations has been executed with the aid of mathematical technique primarily based on electromagnetic simulator such as HFSS tool.All the designs presented were forged practically and had their results measured by the vector network analyzer and anechoic chamber at theAmbedkar Institute of Technology, New Delhi. The comparisons between the results of the simulated and measured havealso been done. The wholeinvestigationhas beenbroken into a number of chapters that embody the current thesis. newline newline