Dalits and their participation in punjab politics a comparative study of three Districts of Doaba Region

Abstract

This thesis explores the political participation of Dalits in the Doaba region of Punjab, focusing on three districts: Jalandhar, Hoshiarpur, and Nawanshahr (SBS Nagar). It examines the intersection of caste, socio-economic conditions, and political awareness, highlighting how Dalits despite their numerical strength and improved literacy levels remain politically underrepresented and fragmented. The study shows that while most Dalits actively vote, few hold party memberships or contest elections. Dalit leaders often lack unified ideology, financial support, and strategic vision, contributing to their marginalization within political structures. Socio-economic conditions have improved post-independence, aided by reservation policies and government schemes. Many Dalits now hold government jobs, own pucca houses, and have alternative income sources, particularly in the post-globalization era. However, land ownership remains limited, and economic disparities persist. Education has played a transformative role in empowering Dalits, with the majority being literate. newlineThe thesis also underscores the absence of a cohesive Dalit political front in Punjab, unlike in states like Uttar Pradesh. Dalit assertion is increasing, but intra-caste divisions and affiliation with mainstream parties dilute their collective voice. Political parties recognize Dalits as a significant vote bank, yet fail to offer substantial representation. The study concludes that while political consciousness among Dalits is rising, genuine representation and leadership remain elusive. There is a need for strong, unified leadership and inclusive policies to convert their demographic strength into real political power. The research is grounded in field data, statistical analysis, and comparative insights. newline newline