Neuroanatomical neurobehavioral and histopathological evaluation of rutin and gefitinib in and#946; amyloid oligomer induced Alzheimer s disease in Swiss mice model

Abstract

Although the etiology of AD remains unclear, restoration of cholinergic newlinetransmission in the brain using cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil) remains newlinethe mainstay of treatment, which is only supportive or symptomatic treatment newlinerather than curative or disease-modifying. Satisfactory outcomes were not newlineaccomplished through pharmacological treatment despite advances in newlineunderstanding the pathology of the disease (Ibach and Haen, 2004). To newlinereduce the Aand#946; burden, several treatment plans have been proposed and tried. newlineMany different medications are used to treat Aand#946; deterioration, but many of newlinethem failed to pass human clinical trials despite showing promise in in-vivo newlineinvestigations, necessitating the urgent development of new strategies. To newlinedate, no drug that is targeting Aand#946; aggregation and toxicity has been approved. newlineThe combined use of different approaches and drugs targeting multiple newlinepathways seems warranted in the new approach to treating AD (Piau et al., newline2011). newline Therefore, the novel discovery of medicines for the treatment of AD is newlinean emerging field to meet the health care issue and enhance the quality of life newlineof geriatric populations. After a long literature analysis, in the present study, newlinetwo drugs have been selected, one natural flavonoid Rutin (RUT), which has a newlinestrong antioxidant and neuroprotective effect, and another synthetic small newlinemolecule compound Gefitinib (GE) which has a favourable and promising newlineeffect against the Aand#946; oligomer induced neurotoxicity. There is a growing newlineinterest in the potential of phytochemicals to improve memory, learning, and newlinegeneral cognitive ability (Ramassamy, 2006). Rutin is an important flavonoid, newlineit is one of the major phenolic phytoconstituent, that has been reported to newlinehave potent anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasoprotective, anticancer, newlineantiplatelet, antithrombotic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective and potential newlineneuroprotective activity