Crime against women in India a critical analysis in the light of national and international perspective

Abstract

Crimes against women remain a widespread human rights concern transcending national and socio-economic boundaries. This study undertakes a comparative doctrinal and empirical analysis of legal and institutional responses in India, China, the United Kingdom, the United States, and SAARC nations. Using statutory interpretation, comparative case law, and crime statistics from the National Crime Records Bureau (2023), UN Women, and World Bank Gender Statistics, it evaluates legislative frameworks, enforcement mechanisms, and conviction trends. India recorded over 4.45 lakh cases of crimes against women in 2023, with conviction rates of only 25 30%, highlighting systemic deficiencies in investigation and prosecution. In contrast, the United Kingdom and the United States, supported by laws such as the Domestic Abuse Act, 2021, and the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), demonstrate conviction rates exceeding 60% and stronger victim-support systems. China s Anti-Domestic Violence Law (2016) reflects legislative progress but continues to face challenges of underreporting and institutional capacity. Across SAARC countries, patriarchal norms, resource constraints, and weak regional cooperation undermine effective protection. The study finds significant disparities in compliance with international commitments under CEDAW and the Beijing Platform for Action and concludes that harmonized, gender-responsive legal reforms aligned with SDG-5 are essential to ensure justice and women s empowerment. newline