Mathematical modeling and optimal control on transmission dynamics of covid 19 pandemic

Abstract

Modeling infectious diseases is an essential tool for studying the newlinemechanisms of disease transmission, forecasting outbreaks, and evaluating newlinecontrol strategies. To estimate the prevalence of various diseases in our newlinepopulation, we employ two distinct models. Models based on deterministic newlinecompartments depend on differential equations and stochastic network models newlinedepend on random graphs. A deterministic model divides people into various newlinegroups that represent various stages of an epidemic. In mathematical terms, newlinetransitions from one class to another are denoted by derivatives and in addition newlineOrdinary Differential Equations (ODE), Fractional Differential Equations (FDE) newlinehave also been applied extensively in epidemic prediction. The ordinary and newlinefractional differential equations seek to approximate nonlinear birth-death newlineprocesses to understand the fundamental theory. Ultimately, this study plays a newlinesignificant role in modeling the COVID-19 Pandemic. newlineCOVID-19 is the major pandemic that the world has witnessed in the newline21st century. It appears to be highly contagious and has rapidly spread worldwide newlinewithin a span of 3 to 4 months with varying impact on different countries. newlineThe infection spreads through the respiratory droplets generated via coughing or newlinesneezing by symptomatic or asymptomatic patients. Patients can be infectious newlineduring the incubation period, as long as clinical symptoms persist. newlineThe incubation period varies between 2 to 14 days and the infection is newlinetransmitted mainly by inhalation of droplets or touching contaminated surfaces newlineand then touching mouth, nose and eyes. The recommended way to prevent newlineinfection is to practice hand washing, wearing masks, and social distancing newlinebefore vaccine. After vaccination, initiatives have been carried out all over the newlineworld to combat COVID-19. newline