Frequency Control Of Interconnected System Using Optimal Fractional Order Controller

Abstract

In the contemporary power system landscape, Load Frequency Control (LFC) assumes newlinea pivotal role, crucial for maintaining system frequencies and keeping interline power newlinedeviations within planned parameters. In interconnected power systems, LFC primarily newlineemphasizes the upkeep of system frequency, the sustenance of scheduled power exchange newlinebetween different areas, and optimization of generation at economic levels. To fulfill these newlineresponsibilities, it is imperative to maintain a balance between net production and load newlinedemands. Any deviation between load demand and generation results in frequency deviations newlineand variations in tie-line power flow. The primary function of LFC is to regulate power flow newlinewithin scheduled values by minimizing the Area Control Error (ACE), subsequently newlinemitigating deviations in power system constraints. newlineThis research focuses on enhancing the frequency stability of interconnected electrical newlinepower systems by leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques and employing various newlinecontroller structures based on adaptive techniques. The research addresses the imbalance newlinebetween generation and demand, which leads to deviations in system frequency and scheduled newlinetie-line power flows. Load Frequency Control (LFC) is implemented in power systems to newlineautomatically balance load demand and generated power in each control area. The initial newlinefrequency adjustment is achieved through the primary speed control loop, followed by finetuning newlinewith a supplementary controller employing Integral (I), Proportional-Integral (PI), or newlineProportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) configurations. The performance of LFC relies heavily newlineon the appropriate gains of I/PI/PID controllers. newlineInitially, the Sine-cosine algorithm (SCA) is modified using quasi opposition newlinetechnique to create the quasi opposition-based Sine-cosine algorithm (QOB-SCA). newlineSubsequently, gains of conventional controllers like Integral, PI, and PID controllers are newlineoptimally designed using QOB-SCA for LFC in a multi-source power system. This system newlinecomprises thermal, h