Spectroscopic Study of Bio and Nano Materials

Abstract

Bio and nano materials are two emerging fields of current research. Human biomaterials such as teeth (both non-caries and caries affected) and nano-biomaterials (ZnO and TiO2) were studied in this study. Various bio- and nanomaterials were discussed, as well as their applications in the treatment of caries-affected teeth. Nano materials such as ZnO and TiO2 were synthesized using different synthesis techniques such as chemical synthesis (hydrothermal), biological synthesis (green synthesis) etc. The different spectroscopic techniques (viz. LIBS, UV-Vis, XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, and EDS) were used for the characterization of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities were also tested for synthesized ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles. ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by chemical as well as biological methods, and their antibacterial activity were also demonstrated. The MIC and IC50 values of both synthesized ZnO NPs show better proximity to standard drug as compared to ZnO powder against tooth decaying pathogens: S. mutans, S. aureus, L. fermentum, and E.coli. Using Murraya paniculata leaf extracts, Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles were also synthesized. The current study also investigates the impact of ZnO NPs in various biomedical fields. Further, toxicological efficacy of ZnO NPs were checked against human pathogens viz., Salmonella typhimurium (causing typhoid), Staphylococcus aureus (causing tooth decay and rheumatic fever) and Escherichia coli (causing tooth decay in infants and dysentery). The antibacterial bioassay was also done using well diffusion method and compared with standard drug streptomycin. The tested pathogens were found more sensitive towards synthesized ZnO NPs with Zone of Inhibition Diameter (ZID) value almost more than 22 mm for all three test pathogens as well as compared with earlier reports and found potential herbal antibacterial agent.