Development and characterization of efficient nanoparticulate vaccine delivery system for oral mucosal immunization of some antigens

Abstract

Mucosal administration of vaccine can produce a strong immune response. Antigens newlineadhere to M-cells , present at the intestinal mucosa and the M-cells produce immunity newlineafter actively transporting luminal antigens to the underlying immune cells. The newlineobjective of the present study was to prepare and characterize alginate coated chitosan newlinenanoparticles (CNPs) and cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLNs) loaded with HBsAg newlineas an antigen to produce immunity; additionally anchored with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) newlineas an adjuvant. Ionic gelation method was used to prepare chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) newlinewhich were loaded with HBsAg and stabilized by alginate coating to protect from gastric newlineenvironment. cSLNs was prepared by mixing tristearin with stearylamine and dissolved newlinein 10 ml acetone. The prepared formulations were characterized to determine particle newlinesize and morphology, shape and surface topology, polydispersity index, zeta potential newlineand in vitro release. In vitro mucoadhesion study and MTT assay were also performed. newlineInduction of immunity produced by prepared nanoparticle for hepatitis B was determined newlineon female Balb/c mice followed by ELISA assays to determine anti-HBsAg IgG in newlineserum and sIgA antibodies in mucosal fluids. Results showed that the prepared LPS newlinederived CNPs were small and spherical with mean particle size 605.23 nm, newlinepolydispersity index 0.234 and Zeta potential -26.2 mV and could effectively protect newlineantigen at GIT in acidic medium. On the other hand, LPS derived cSLNs exhibited that newlinethe particle size was 313.82 nm, polydispersity was 0.162% and zeta potential was - newline28.24 mV. Anchoring with LPS showed increased immunity as compared to other newlineformulations. Both the formulations were found stable upto 60 days of study, however, newlinenegligible variation in characterization profile was seen at 4 ± 1and#8451; and 27 ± 2 and#8451;. newlineAdditionally, both the formulations elicited significant sIgA at mucosal secretions and newlineIgG antibodies in systemic circulation. However, it was more significant with cSLNs as newlinecompared to CNPs. Thus, the