Design and Analysis of Biomedical Sensors using Photonic Crystal Structures

Abstract

In this work, a gallium arsenide (GaAs) composite semi-conductive material is newlineemployed as rods with an air background lattice point as a photonic crystal (PC) for malaria, newlinediabetes, and cancer detection. To aid in the early detection of malaria by identifying various newlinestages of plasmodium falciparum in red blood cells (RBCs) using a blood sample. Diabetes is newlinediagnosed using three distinct samples blood, urine, and tears. The five types of cancer cells newlinebreast, basal, cervical, blood, and adrenal gland are being studied utilizing blood samples. To newlinemeasure the interaction between light and analyte, the refractive index (RI) of bio-samples at newlinevaried concentrations is utilized. As a consequence, the detecting zone has an excellent newlinewavelength shift and light confinement. newlineThe plane wave expansion (PWE) and finite difference time domain (FDTD) methods are used newlineto simulate the photonic bandgap (PBG) and optical properties of light, respectively. The newlineimpact of altering the radii of the sensing rod of the biosensor is investigated. The biosensor newlineperformance characteristics for malaria identification achieved are as follows a high sensitivity newlineof 798.142 nm/RIU, a Q-factor of 9881.926, a detection limit of 2.224×10-4 RIU, a FOM of newline4496.079 RIU-1, and an area of 46.14 and#956;m2. Biosensor characteristics for diabetes detection are newlinea sensitivity of 821 nm/RIU, a high Q-factor of 16209.680, a low detection limit of 1.587×10- newline4 RIU, a high figure of merit (FOM) of 6300.683 RIU-1, amplitude sensitivity of 5.667 a.u./RIU, newlineand a compact area of 34.972 and#956;m2. For cancer detection, a high sensitivity of 1013.2 nm/RIU, newlinea Q-factor of 11909.199, a detection limit of 1.647×10-4 RIU, a FOM of 6068.416 RIU-1, an newlineamplitude sensitivity of 9.343 a.u./RIU, and an area of 51.66 and#956;m2. newlineAmong the three biosensors, the highest sensitivity of 1013.2 nm/RIU, the highest Q-factor of newline16209.680, the lowest detection limit of 1.587×10-4 RIU, the highest figure of merit (FOM) of newline6300.683 RIU-1, the highest amplitude sensitivity of 9.343 a.u./RIU, and lowest area of