Studies on use of chiral fluid as smart material a mathematical approach

Abstract

In this era of modernization, considerable interest has been evinced in the newlinestudy and development of new materials such as smart materials, newlinenanomaterials, chiral materials, biomaterials, metamaterials, composites, newlinedifferent types of polymers, and many specialized alloys with a wide variety newlineof properties and characteristics. newlineMaterials with sensing and actuation properties are regarded as smart newlinematerials. These materials have been around for many years and are newlineinterdisciplinary area of research. These materials have properties that can newlinebe altered by varying heat input, moisture, magnetic or electric field, pH, newlineand stress. A smart fluid comprises of a suspension of micrometer-sized newlineparticles in a dielectric carrier fluid. The application of a suitable stimulus newlineeither electrical or magnetic causes a significant increase in the resistance to newlinethe flow of the fluid resulting in changes in its velocity. newlineMagnetorheological and electrorheological fluids are commonly used smart newlinefluids in commercial applications namely shock absorbers, brakes, etc. These newlinefluids are studied in three key modes of operation namely (i) Flow mode (ii) newlineShear mode and (iii) Squeeze flow mode. Effect of magnetic field, electric newlinefield or both on velocity and temperature distributions of a fluid confined in a newlinechannel is studied in flow mode operation. Shear flow of fluid in the presence newlineof the external field is studied in shear mode operation. Squeeze flow under newlinealternative tension and compression in the presence of external fields is newlinestudied in squeeze flow mode. In present work, only the flow mode of newlineoperation of smart fluids is considered to study the smartness of a chiral newlinefluid in the presence of external fields.Similar to smart materials, chiral materials are special type of materials newlinegaining importance in many fields of Engineering, Science and Technology.