Isolation Characterization and Identification of Bioactive Compounds and Its Pharmacological Evaluations in Memecylon Lushingtonii Gamble

Abstract

Memecylon lushingtonii Gamble (MLG), a member of the Melastomataceae family, newlinehas attracted attention for its potential as a source of therapeutic compounds. This study newlineinvestigates on the extraction, detailed characterization, and assessment of the biological newlineactivities of bioactive compounds derived from ethyl acetate (EtoAC) and methanol leaf newlineextracts of MLG, highlighting its significant pharmacological applications and therapeutic newlinepotential. Phytochemical analysis revealed significant concentrations of flavonoids (60 newlineµg/mL and 50 µg/mL), phenolic acids (37.5 µg/mL and 30 µg/mL), and alkaloids (20 µg/mL and newline18 µg/mL) in ethyl acetate and methanol extracts respectively. In total, 21 phytochemicals in newlineEtOAc extract and 27.89 mg/mL in methanol (MeOH) extract were identified by GC-MS. newlineThe antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging newlineassay, yielding a strong inhibitory effect with an IC50 value of 39.83 µg/mL in EtOAC newlineextract and 27.89 µg/mL in MeOH extract. EtOAc and MeOH showed highest antimicrobial newlineactivity against Klebesella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus and Klebesella pneumonia newlineand Escherichia coli respectively. The isolated compound from 4th fraction of EtOAc was newlinecharacterised as ursolic acid, a terpenoid and as myricetin in MeOH extract by HPLC, LC newlineMS and 1H NMR. The cytotoxicity of the methanol extract and the isolated fourth fraction newlinewas evaluated by MTT assay on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. A dose-dependent newlinereduction in cell viability was observed in both the extract and the fourth fraction, with the newlinefourth fraction demonstrating stronger activity and a lower IC50 value (17.52 µg/mL) newlinecompared to the methanol extract (51.17 µg/mL). newlineThe apoptotic activity and cell cycle analysis on MDA-MB231 cells showed that the newlinemethanol extract, fourth fraction, and isolated compound induced apoptosis and caused cell newlinecycle arrest at the G2/M phase. The cell cycle arrest was most pronounced with isolated newlinecompound which displayed 43.9% increase in G2/