The Interconnection Between Long Non Coding Rnas LncRNAs And Immunity Related Genes During Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis

Abstract

Tuberculosis [TB] continues to be a significant global health concern, affecting millions of individuals annually. Despite advancements in understanding the disease, there are still considerable gaps in our knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying TB pathogenesis and the host immune response. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis [PTB] cases without microbiological evidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis [Mtb] remains a challenge, leading to misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis. This study aimed to explore the role of long non-coding RNAs [lncRNAs] as potential biomarkers for accurate PTB diagnosis. Blood samples were collected from PTB patients and healthy individuals in the Sidhi District of Madhya Pradesh, India. Genetic polymorphism analysis focused on two single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] in lncRNAs NONHSAT182119.1 and NONHSAT104852.2. The PCR and sequencing analyses revealed a higher frequency of the G mutant allele in NONHSAT182119.1 in TB patients, indicating a potential association with increased susceptibility to TB infection. newlineFurthermore, lncRNA expression profiles were assessed, including ENST00000497872, n333737, n335265, NEAT1, NEAT2, IFNG, TNFA, and NORAD. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated differential expression of these lncRNAs between PTB patients and healthy controls. Upregulation of NEAT1, NEAT2, n335265, and IFNG, as well as downregulation of TNFA, were observed in PTB patients, highlighting their potential as biomarkers for PTB diagnosis. The findings of this study contribute to understanding the genetic polymorphism and gene expression patterns associated with PTB in the Sidhi District population. The identified lncRNAs hold promise as potential biomarkers, aiding in the early identification of PTB cases in patients with negative microbiological evidence. However, further research is required to validate these findings and explore the functional significance of the identified lncRNAs in PTB pathogenesis. newlineKey words: lncRNAs, NEAT1, NEAT2, IFNG, TNFA TB.