Certain investigations on energy efficient cluster based mac protocol with adaptive duty cycle for underwater wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks UWSN consists of variable number of sensors that are deployed to perform monitoring tasks over a given area Some of the applications of UWSN include disaster prevention environment monitoring undersea exploration adaptive sensing of oil leakage in oceans etc Major challenges in the design of UWSN are limited bandwidth fading propagation delay high bit error rates high cost of sensors and limited battery power Though MAC protocol with on demand time sharing based on clustering evaluates propagation delays in the overhead packets it did not bring the former into consideration while scheduling Most of the scheduling algorithms in the sensor network are based on node s duty cycle However duty cycle based scheduling algorithms should consider channel condition and frame loss probability Moreover the queue length variations or traffic load should be considered for fixing the sleep duty cycle Time synchronization and localization in underwater environment are another challenging issue due to high propagation delay time measurement error and node mobility Due to the harsh and uneven nature of the aquatic environment the operation of UWSN is affected badly when there is no time synchronization between the nodes In order to solve the issues of MAC protocol in UWSN a cluster based MAC protocol is proposed which provides collision avoidance with TDMA scheduling in UWSN In this protocol clusters are formed and cluster heads CHs are elected as per the energy efficient hierarchical clustering algorithm The cluster members CM are one hop neighbors of CH newline