Physicochemical properties of linear alkyl benzene sulfonic acid based liquid detergent in presence of different additives

Abstract

iii newlineABSTRACT newlineSurfactants are important chemicals that are used in many household and industrial newlineproducts. They are used in large quantities as detergents, cleaning agents, emulsifiers, newlinewetting agents, foaming agents, antistatic additives, and dispersants. Linear newlinealkylbenzene sulfonates (LABS) are a type of anionic surfactant. They were introduced newlineto the surfactant market in 1964 as a replacement for surfactants that were difficult to newlinebiodegrade. LABS exhibit nonvolatile properties and are produced through the newlinealkylation of benzene with olefins using Friedel Crafts alkylation, followed by newlinesulfonation. newlineWhen dissolved in an adequate amount of water and combined with NaOH, trisodium newlinephosphate (TSP), and urea, LABS produces a formulated product commonly known as newlineLissapol, a cost-effective dishwashing detergent. NaOH neutralizes LABS, forming newlinesodium alkylbenzene sulfonate (NaLAS). Phosphates are used to regulate alkalinity and newlineassist in metal ion sequestration. Urea, known as a chaotropic agent, impacts the newlinebehavior of surfactant aggregates. newlineThe primary objective of this research was to investigate the impact of different newlineadditives neutralizing agents on the anionic surfactant linear alkylbenzene sulfonate newlineand observe the improved results obtained with diamine when compared to sodium newlinehydroxide used in Lissapol. Consequently, this research aims to provide a detailed newlinestudy on builders used for the sequestration process of sodium dodecylbenzene newlinesulfonate, a class of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, and study compared the results with newlinetri-sodium phosphate utilized in Lissapol. The aggregation behavior of various newlineneutralizing agents (monovalent and diamine bases) has been investigated for linear newlinealkylbenzene sulfonate. Measurements employing conductivity at temperature (298.15 newlineK, 303.15 K, 308.15 K, and 313.15 K) and surface tension at 298.15 K have been newlinedetermined to study micellization and surface active properties. The conductivity versus newlineconcentration plot elucidated CMC and dissociation of counterion (and#945;). Additionally, newlines