Preparation and characterization of chlorocholine chloride CCC nanoformulations and their response on morphological biochemical and yield parameters of potato Solanum tuberosum Lcv Kufri Bahar

Abstract

newline In present experiment chitosan based CCC nanoformulation was developed by ionic gelation method and further used for foliar application on potato.As per results of characterization, the mean particle size of CCC-CS NFs was 491.25 mm whereas number distribution basis, 16.9, 23.5 and 22.5 per cent nano formulations were in size of 225, 295.3 and 342 nm respectively. CCC-CS NFs were expressed as monodisperse in nature having low PDI value 0.471 and higher positive surface charge with zeta potential ±16.7 mV. TEM and SEM study showed that nano particulates were aggregated and porous which might be helpful for slow and controlled release of CCC from nano structure. HPLC analysis showed that 46.33 per cent encapsulation efficiency of CCC in developed CCC-CS NFs, which shows CCC was well encapsulated with chitosan biopolymer. FTIR study confirmed that C N bond of CCC binds to -NH2 group of chitosan. newlineIn field experiment, pooled data of two years showed that total chlorophyll content in leaves was significantly enhanced byCCC-CS NFs (0.16-0.20%) as compared to all CCC concentration, BCH and control. Plant height was reduced by CCC (0.04-0.08%) and CCC-CS NFs (0.12-0.20%) as compare to control and BCH. However, number of leaves per plant were significantly increased in CCC-CS NFs (0.12% to 0.16%) as compared to CCC (0.04% - 0.08%), BCH and control.In yield and yield attributing characters, CCC-CS NFs (0.16-0.20%) significantly increased per tuber weight, tuber yield/plot, tuber yield/plant, tuber yield/ha as compared to CCC. CCC-CS NFs (0.20%) significantly increased starch, non-reducing sugar content and reduced the solanine content as compare to all concentrations of CCC and control. As per pooled data analysis, all the concentrations of CCC-CS NFs got maximum net return over the control, BCH and all concentrations of CCC. By using CCC-CS NFs (0.16%), we can minimize the amount of CCC by 28 times as compared to normal application of CCC (0.20%) to get similar yield