Studies on Polymers From CNSL and Their Characterization

Abstract

Modern life of humans relies on polymers, from the materials that are used to make newlineclothing, houses, cars and aeroplanes to those with sophisticated applications in medicine, newlinediagnostics and electronics. The vast majority of these polymers are derived from newlinepetrochemicals. Many polymers used to contribute improved quality of life and a cleaner newlineenvironment, for example, as materials that enable the purification of water or as polymer composites with improved fuel economy for aerospace applications.1 newlineSince the middle of the 20th century, fossil oil and natural gas have served as the main raw material resources for production of chemicals.2 Currently, almost all organic newlinecompounds can be derived from seven basic building blocks, including syngas from methane, newlineethylene, propylene, butanes, butylenes, butadiene, and BTX (mixture of Benzene, Toluene, and Xylene). These building blocks are obtained from natural gas, petroleum and coal.3 The newlinegrowing consumption of petrochemical compounds, concern about the problems such as newlineglobal warming and the diminishing of fossil fuels reserves. This has given rise to research newlinefocus on the green chemistry field based on the design of products and processes that newlineminimize the use and generation of hazardous substances. For example, synthetic plastic newlinealone contribute to ~7-8 % worldwide consumption of fossil fuel resources. In another newlinesurvey, it is estimated that around 1 % of each barrel oil is consumed for polymer production. newlineIn face of the increasing demand for chemical, sustainable and innovative technologies are newlinenecessary in order to overcome current difficulties and also the evolution of new ones. newlineResearch has focused mainly on replacing fossil raw materials with renewable alternatives, newlinematerials that are suitable for recycling or biodegradation. Where biomass from plants is used newlineas the renewable raw material to polymer synthesis, these polymers are often referred to as newlinebioderived.