Mechanistic and Comparative study on Arathai Chooranam with Galangin in Neuroinflammatory Condition Induced by Oxygen Glucose Deprivation and Glutamate Induced Excitotoxicity

Abstract

Traditional plant based medicines are in years of practice in India and have shown a promising clinical benefits besides the non-clinical testing and mechanistic evaluations. The recent advancements in the science sought the inevitable need of evidence based approaches in the traditional practice. These approaches warrant the more scientific and rationale use of herbal medicines in practice and also open the avenue for its mechanical insights. In the present study, the neuroprotective role of Arathai chooranam, an herbal formulation was demonstrated and the possible mechanism for its neuroprotective activity is also exposed. Arathai chooranam with galangin was tested for neuroinflammatory activity induced by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and glutamate-induced excitotoxicity (GIE). Galangin is selected and compared because, in AC the major constituent is galangin and it has neuroprotective activity. To standardise and validate AC as per regulatory requirements, various proofs are required and document is needed that the toxins and heavy metals are less or within the limits, and did not cause any damage to the biological system. In this study, AC formulation was prepared as per the stipulated guidelines of Siddha Gunapadam. The ingredients for the formulation were collected from authentic resources and certified by government botanist, further purified and formulated as per the Siddha Gunapadam guidelines and stored. The stored AC was subjected to pharmacognostical and phytochemical study and validated with characteristic future, it is considered as one of the major parameter for raw material quality control. Conclusion: From all the above evidence and result, it can be concluded that, Arathai chooranam produced anti-inflammatory property in glutamate and oxygen glucose deprivation neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cell lines. The mechanism of action is through JNK3 regulation and downregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 proteins. In comparison to Arathai chooranam, galangin was found to have better neuroprotective activity.