Measurement Modelling And Mitigation Of Gas Emissions In Livestock Farm And Assessment Of Health Risk And Environmental Impact

Abstract

Livestock is used as a source of protein requirement by humans. However, rearing livestock newlinehas several challenges including emissions of air pollutants like dust, organic compounds, newlinecarbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and hydrogen newlinesulfide (H2S). This investigation was performed with pig and poultry farms to quantify the newlineCO2 and H2S concentration, estimate the ventilation rate (VR), determine the gas emission newlinerate and develop a model of the gas emission rate. The study was performed to assess the newlinehealth risk through pulmonary function, respiratory symptoms and physiological responses. newlineThe study was also performed to determine carbon footprint (CF) of pig and poultry newlineproduction. The dietary mitigation method mitigated the gas emissions from the pig and newlinepoultry farms. newlineThe gas concentration was measured from five pig and five poultry farms in Manipur and newlineAssam using a handheld multi-gas analyzer. Experiments were performed in all three newlineseasons, namely summer, autumn and winter. Environmental parameters such as dry bulb newlinetemperature, relative humidity and wind speed were measured in all the cases. The newlineventilation rate was estimated using CO2 mass balance methods. The gas emission rate was newlinedetermined using the gas concentration and VR. An ANN-based model was developed to newlineestimate the CO2 and H2S gas emission rates from the pig and poultry houses. newlineThe Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) was performed with five parameters namely forced vital newlinecapacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FVE1), forced expiratory ratio newline(FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), and forced expiratory flow fraction between 25 newlineto 75% (FEF25-75%). The American Thoracic Society standardized questionnaire was newlinemodified to collect respiratory symptom data. The questionnaire consists of two subsections: newlinedemographic information and respiratory symptoms. To assess workload among the newlineworkers, the heart rate (HR) of the subjects was measured in the pig and poultry farms during newlinecleaning and feedin