Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination and Impact of Heavy Metal on Health Via Consumption of leafy vegetables Grown Near Roadside Areas of Bhopal

Abstract

newline Heavy metals concentration in leafy vegetables or in any other edible products causes risk to the human health and long-term use of that causes serious diseases. Current research work shows the result related to the contamination and impact of the higher concentration of heavy metals on the health. So, for the research work five heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, cd, Cu and Ni were used and their concentration were compared between the washed and unwashed leafy vegetables samples. Leafy vegetables such as spinach, amaranth leaves, wild spinach, fenugreek, cabbage, coriander, purslane and mustard were collected from the different site near to the roadside (location: Hoshangabad, khajuri kalan, and Ayodhya bypass road). Unwashed leafy vegetables samples of spinach show more cadmium concentration of 1.2 mg /kg, Amaranth shows 1.05 mg/kg, purslane and fenugreek shows 0.9 mg/kg and 0.5mg/kg respectively. This study helped in determination of presence of concentration of heavy metals in the samples and as well as its toxicity level. Unwashed leafy vegetables sample of spinach shows 80.65 mg/kg maximum concentration of zinc, fenugreek shows 70 mg/kg the lowest concentration of the leafy vegetables. On comparing the result of cadmium in unwashed leafy vegetables samples with the permissible limit shows that from the entire sample excluded coriander exceeded the permissible limit because of absence of concentration of cadmium in that. Different parameters of risk assessment were analysed in the samples, parameters like Pollution index, hazard ratio, average daily intake etc. The Average PI of cabbage (2.688) shows more concentration of all the heavy metals and this due to the pollution occurred because of fuel consumption by vehicle. The Average PI of Spinach (1.29) shows more concentration of all the heavy metals and this due to the pollution occurred because of fuel consumption by vehicle and tyre wearing. Hazard index of the unwashed leafy vegetables samples shows that the cabbage exceeded the limit which was 3