Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Intercalated and dispersed type Polymer Nanocomposite films

Abstract

The renewable and green source of energy now becomes the burning topic for newlineworldwide research among the scientists. The demand for such energy resources is newlineincreasing day by day and it becomes the lifeblood of modern society. Global warming, newlinefinite fossil-fuel supplies, and city pollution conspire to make the use of environmentfriendly newlineenergy sources. Due to the enlarged dependency of a modern human being on newlineenergy resources in every sector and a limited supply of fossil fuels, leads to two main newlineproblematic consequences: (1) vulnerability of nation-states to fossil-fuel imports and newline(2) CO2 emissions that are acidifying our oceans and creating global warming. newlineThe controlled environment/climate has drawn the attention of the scientific community newlinetowards development and replacement of fossil fuels by an alternative/efficient energy newlineresources. The prospective renewable energy resources are solar, tidal, hydro, wind newlineenergy etc. Next challenge comes to store it and could be supplied as per the demand. newlineThe said challenge could be overcome through the electrochemical storage/conversion newlinedevices (ESCDs) like supercapacitor, Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) and fuel cells. newlineEspecially, LIB having the ability to the portability of stored energy and to deliver it as newlineand when required without gaseous exhaust, unlike fossil fuels. newlineA secondary battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy and vice versa. Its newlinestructure is composed of a positive electrode as a cathode, a negative electrode as an newlineanode, and electrolyte. Simultaneous movement of ions and electrons occurs in the newlinebattery system; ions flow through the electrolyte while electrons are generated at the newlineanode and flow towards the cathode via an external circuit. The heart of the battery is newlinethe electrolyte as it is sandwiched between both electrodes and participate in newlinecharging/discharging. Although all the three components affect the overall cell newlineperformance, the electrolyte is dominating in nature and deciding the specific capacity, newlineenergy density, working voltage and