Investigations on surface Modification of polymer based metal Ions incorporated ydroxyapatite Nanocomposite coatings by ion Implantation and irradiation

Abstract

Nowadays, people are affected by different categories of diseases or newlineinjuries such as tissues damage, bone cancer, dental, hip and knee etc. The newlineeffective treatment of these diseases or injuries needs synthetic biomaterials newlinewhich have the capability to contact and bond with the living tissue, as well as newlinereplacement of hard and soft tissues. Artificial biomaterials are used in newlineclinical applications in the form of implants for ear, hip, knee, elbow joint newlineinjury and as biomedical products like blood bags, syringes and needles, etc. newlineInterface between the implant and natural tissues is a significant subject for newlineinvestigation in biomaterials science. newlineBone is a composite of organic and inorganic components. The most newlineimportant inorganic portion of bone is hydroxyapatite (HAp). Depending on newlinethe size of the wound, HAp is used as implants in different forms like powder, newlinepaste, solid and ceramic coated metals. Stoichiometric HAp has poor newlinebioactivity due to poor resorbability. Owing to this reason, researchers are newlinedeveloping new types of resorbable and non-resorbable materials such as newlinemixed phase of calcium phosphates, polymer scaffolds and its composites. newlineHAp coated on metal bonds directly with the bone and has better mechanical newlineproperties. However, HAp coated metals have their disadvantages such as less newlineadhesion strength, lattice mismatching between metal and HAp coatings, low newlinebioactivity, bacterial infections and no clear chemical composition. Therefore, newlinethe bioactivity of the HAp coated metal implants is improved through newlinedifferent processes like surface modification and preparation techniques newline