Energy Efficient Protocols based on Trust and Reputation for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Abstract

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a Self-defined infrastructure-less newlinenetwork which can configure itself and also provides a wireless connection to newlineconnect the distinct networks. In MANET, the corresponding nodes have the ability newlineto move freely across the distinct networks. newlineMANET comprises various technologies such as Radio Frequency (RF), newlineGlobal Positioning System (GPS) and Infrared. MANET consists of distinct newlinemethods in the network such as VANET, SAPNS, IMANET, Hub spoke, etc. newlineThe corresponding network consists of various kinds of problems based on newlinethe network infrastructure such as routing overhead, packet loss, security, limited newlinebattery power, mobility management, area services, fault tolerance, restricted newlinebandwidth, IP addressing, strength, reliability and so on. newlineSince there are a distinct number of attacks that are affecting the network newlinesuch as flooding attack, back-hole attack, Link withholding attack, link spoofing newlineattack, replay attack, worm hole attack, and so on, and therefore various routing newlineprotocols are implemented to surf the corresponding attacks. Also, the network faces newlinethe issue of energy consumption and it can also be cured by the protocols which are newlineproposed. newlineThe context of this thesis is to propose three types of routing protocols for newlineimproving the performance and validating the security issues in the MANET. The newlineproposed protocols are validated on the basis of the performance measures to ensure newlinethe security challenges. newlineIn the first methodology, the proposed protocol Probabilistic rebroadcast newlinerouting , (TNCPR) is used to validate the trustworthy among the nodes such that newlinedistinct malicious nodes may not occur in the network and also reduce the routing newlineoverhead and the energy consumption in the MANET. The neighbour coverage newlineattainment includes the additional ratio in the network coverage and also the newlinevi newlineconnectivity factors. During the transmission, the proposed protocol will secure the newlinenetwork from any intruders attack. The proposed TNCPR protocol improved the newlineenergy consumption and control overhead along with security of the network based newlineon the parameter evaluated. newlineIn the second methodology, the proposed protocol Fuzzy K-means multicast newlinerouting , (SEEM) energy consumption by controlling the battery power in MANET newlineis being evaluated. Among the distinct issues in MANET the goal of the protocol is newlineto overcome the energy consumption in the battery and also improving the lifetime newlineof the network using the clustering method. newlineIn the third methodology, the proposed protocol Rank authentic residents newlineusing fuzzy logic with minimum overheads in mobile Ad hoc network newline(RARFOAN) is used to provide security in the routing of the MANET. Due to the newlinerandom movement of the nodes in the network there various issues occurs like link newlineloss and draining of the energy. The proposed methodology monitors various newlineparameters such as resident activities, energy loss, and path consistency. newlineProposed TNCPR, SEEM and RARFOAN are implemented using NS-2 newlineSimulator. Performances of the above protocols are evaluated by the various newlineperformance metrics such as throughput, packet delivery, routing overhead, energy newlineconsumption and delay. The results were compared with the existing protocols like newlineFACES, RCRP and EPAR. newlineExperimental results of TNCPR showed the improvement in average newlinethroughput from 83% to 85.5% when compared with FACES and RARFOAN newlineprotocol attained 88%. newlineThe attainment of average packet delivery ratio is improved 98% by newlineRARFOAN when compared to TNCPR 95% and FACES 92.5%. newlineControl overhead is minimized is 60.4% by RARFOAN when compared to newlineFACES 63.7% and TNCPR 61.8%. newlinevii newlineAverage energy consumption is reduced to 1.4 joules by RARFOAN when newlinecompared to 2.3 and 2.8 by TNCPR and FACES, respectively. TNCPR recorded newline48% delay when compared to 72% and 81% delay by TNCPR and FACES. newlineExperimental result of SEEM protocol improved the energy consumption of newline19% and 14% over the protocols EPAR and RCRP. newlineThere is 5% - 11% improvement in packet delivery ratio is recorded by the newlineSEEM protocol over EPAR and RCRP. newlineAverage delay is reduced to 32 seconds by SEEM protocol compare to 118, newline154 seconds delay in EPAR and RCRP respectively. newlineThe route latency is improved from 6% to 10% by SEEM protocol over to newlinethe EPAR and RCRP protocols. newline