Analysis and investigation on optimization techniques using smart grid in symmetry and cyber attacks

Abstract

In a Smart Grid (SG) system with load uncertainties and integration newlineof variable solar and wind energies, effective frequency control strategy is newlinenecessary for generation and load balancing. Recently, cyber-attacks are newlineemerging threats and SG systems are typical cyber-attack targets.This work newlinesuggests an improved Gorilla Troops Optimizer (iGTO) based Fuzzy PD newline(1+PI) (FPD-(1+PI)) structure for frequency control of a SG system. The SG newlinecontains Diesel Engine Generator (DEG), renewable sources like Wind newlineTurbine Generator (WTG), solar Photo Voltaic (PV) and storage elements newlinesuch as Flywheel Energy Storage System (FESS), Battery Energy Storage newlineSystem (BESS), in conjunction with Electric Vehicles (EV). Initially, the newlinedominance of projected iGTO over Gorilla Troops Optimizer (GTO) and newlinesome recently suggested optimization algorithms is demonstrated by newlineconsidering benchmark test functions. newlineThe performance of a control system can be improved by FLC newlinebased PID (FPID) controller. In FPID, an integral part is essential to eliminate newlinethe steady-state error. But, sluggish down the system response results in rising newlinethe integral gain. By means of the multi-stage structure this can be overcome. newlineStudies demonstrate that moving the integral part to the second section of the newlinecascaded controller enhances the performance. In view of the above, a Fuzzy newlinePD-(1+PI) i.e. FPD-(1+PI) controller is proposed newline