Genetic diversity phytochemical and anticarcinogenic studies in cichorium intybus from himalayan elevations of Uttarakhand

Abstract

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) comprise of intense therapeutic and medicinal properties newlinedue to presence of phytochemical and secondary metabolites. It is often used as a medication in newlineIndia to treat a number of illnesses such as fever, diarrhea, spleen enlargement, gout, and newlinerheumatism. newlineThe purpose of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of chicory from newlineHimalayan regions of Uttarakhand using SSR markers. So, it will be entrancing to know about the newlinegenetic diversity of chicory and if any genotypes are deficient in medicinal content then it could be newlineenhanced through various molecular interventions. The cluster analysis of 100 genotypes grouped newlineit into two clusters A and B, in which cluster A comprised of 94 genotypes. The other B cluster newlineconsists of 6 genotypes. Additionally, to investigate the genetic constitution of diverse 100 chicory newlinegenotypes genotyping by sequencing was performed, population structure and genetic diversity newlineanalysis were also done. Cluster analysis using neighbor joining method grouped the population newlineinto 3 clusters A , B and C depending on their geographical location. The main cluster C newlineconsists of 61 genotypes, cluster B comprised of 28 genotypes and cluster A comprised of 11 newlinegenotypes. From GBS technique thousands of SNPs identified were used for the association newlinemapping to recognize authentic markers linked to the agro-morphological traits of Cichorium newlineintybus plant. There were 178 SNPs markers showed associations with the eight agromorphological newlinetraits at significant threshold level. Further, to study the difference in the newlinephytochemical constituents quantity of chicory, qualitative and quantitative analysis were newlineperformed among 10 genotypes and identified that genotypes showed considerable amount of newlinevariation. Lactucine the phytochemical constituents of chicory also have anti-cancer properties and newlinecan treat various types of cancers such as human leukemia cancer. In present investigation, newlinelactucine and its derivatives are docked with the apoptosis inducing and cell cycle progression newlineproteins for the prediction of its anticancer effect. Among 17 isoforms of lactucine, Lactucin 15- newlineoxalate has shown highest binding affinity with target protein with appropriate Glide and Dock newlinescore. These in silico results are valuable to proceed for the in vitro and in vivo studies related to newlineanti-cancer role of lactucin 15-oxalate. newlineTherefore, chicory plant has high in its diversity can be considered as a high value herbs newlinefor the medicinal purposes and even its phytochemical content are also enhancing nutritional newlinevalues. The identified SNPs with the agro-morphological trait indicate its high rate of association newlinewhich is useful in improving the medicinal properties. Even, due to anticancer effect of lactucinee newline