Genetic analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiencies in wheat triticum aestivum l using bioinformatics approach

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) ranks as one of the most important staple cereal crops. It provides newlinenutritious food to more than one-third of the world population and improves global food security. newlineWheat growth and global productions are adversely affected by a wide range of environmental newlinefactors including nutrient stress (an abiotic stress). Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the newlineessential macronutrients that play vital roles in ecosystem structure, processes, and function, newlinesince their availability affect the production of crop biomass and growth. Both macronutrients newlinerepresent constitutes of essential biological macromolecules and many secondary and signaling newlinemolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, hormones and phospholipids. A fairly large number newlineof candidate genes and transcription factors (TFs) are involved in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) newlineand phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) play a significant role in several biological processes newlineincluding involved in uptake, transport, nitrate assimilation, re-assimilation, amino acid newlinebiosynthesis, etc. The function of these candidate genes and TFs family (especially N responsive newlineRWP-RK TFs family) has been investigated in a number of plant species including Arabidopsis newlinethaliana, Oryza sativa, Brachypodium distachyon etc. However, these genes and TFs have never newlinebeen subjected to a detailed study in wheat. In the present study, an extensive bioinformatics newlinebased investigation has been performed to gain insight into their structural and functional aspects newlinein wheat with the fruitful utilization of whole-genome sequencing data available in public newlinerepositories. Based on the genome-wide analysis, 37 candidate genes (24 N nutrition and 13 newlineinorganic phosphate transporters) and 37RWP-RK genes encoding TFs (18 TaNLPs and 19 newlineTaRKDs) were identified in wheat with their positions on corresponding chromosome arms. As newlinemany as 23 genes specific novel SSRs (simple sequence repeats) were discovered in identified N newlineand P nutrition genes, while 24 microsatellites were predicted in TaRWP-RKs w