Performance analysis of distributed power systems using optimized error dynamics passive output feedback control with improved whale optimization algorithm

Abstract

The increasing demand for electric energy has led to a surge in the newlinepopularity of Distributed Power Systems (DPSs) due to their reliability, newlineperformance, power quality, lower emissions, and efficient load management. newlineMicrogrids are becoming increasingly popular as a simpler method to utilize newlinethese advantages, acting as the future SmartGrid, reducing energy costs and newlineimproving performance. There is a need for an energy management strategy newlineto optimize electricity sharing with the grid profile. Microgrid architectures, newlinecontrol systems, techniques, advancements, and challenges are focused. newlineMultiple control methods for tracking variables like power, current, and newlinevoltage, and IEEE and IEC standards supporting the development of a newlineflawless microgrid system are discussed. However, high penetration is newlinehindered by technological challenges in managing dispersed energy sources, newlinecomplex control systems can fail due to software flaws or component newlinemalfunctions, increasing costs. newlineA proper control approach for dynamic power supply components newlinein an MG improves power fidelity and resiliency, enabling islanding newlineoperations during emergencies. However, creating controls and assessing newlinestability can be challenging due to high initial expenses, technology newlinecomplexity, regulatory issues, connection issues, servicing requirements, and newlineoperating needs. Adaptable and smart distribution systems are produced newlinethrough understanding dynamic source guidelines and appropriate MG newlinemethods. newline