Design and Development of Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure based Antennas for UWB ISM Band Applications

Abstract

Antennas are a feasible aspect of any wireless communication newlinedevice, which is a transducer between the transmitter and free space. newlineThey are the well-organized structure to transmit electromagnetic newlineradiation into free space. Because of its sleek features, antennas for newlinewideband and to MIMO antennas are used to increase the channel newlinecapacity. UWB holds viable applications like personal wireless newlineapplications area network (WPAN), worldwide interoperability for newlinemicrowave access (WiMAX), wireless local area network (WLAN), newlinedefense purpose, ground-penetrating radar, and intelligent sensors, newlineamong all the advantages, electromagnetic interference is observed as a newlinemajor issue in the UWB frequency range. To resolve the problem, the newlineband-reject filter element is placed within the UWB antenna to reject the newlineunwanted interference signals. Generally, the following resonators are newlineused to avoid interference like CSRR, Semi-Circle shaped resonators, newlineEBG, meander line and DGS. Among all the above EBG has various newlinefeatures like compact in nature, frequency tuning etc. Due to increased newlinedemand in-band rejection, a dual notch creation is carried out with newlineindependent notch creation and tuning. Towards recognizing lower newlinebandstop, an inverted-and#960; modeled element is placed on a patch for the newlinefrequency range of 3.3-3.7 GHz for WiMAX application. Similarly, the newlineupper bandstop is attained by placing a symmetrical EBG element on both sides of the ground plane which works from 5.9 to 6.9 GHz for newlinesatellite communication. newlinev newlineOn the other hand, Due to the limited availability of spectrum newlinein the market, there is a need to find additional resources or new newlinetechniques to utilize the available spectrum. One of the promising newlinesolutions for this issue is MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) for newlinebetter exploitation of spectrum bands. Mostly these MIMO systems newlineutilize two or more radiators that operate in synchronization with each other to improve system capacity and at the same time combats the effect newlineof multipath fading. newlineIn addition to this, the reliability of the system link and newlinethroughput of the system increases the use of MIMO systems. However, newlinethe MIMO antennas suffer from a mutual coupling effect between newlineantenna elements. The EBG structures are embedded with antennas and newlineoptimized to resonate at a 2.45 GHz band suitable for ISM band newlinecommunications and achieve a good reduction in transmission newlinecoefficient. The antenna achieves a significant impedance and gains newlinecharacteristics suitable for the ISM band applications. The simulated and newlinemeasured proposed antenna results are in good correlation. It has good newlineradiation characteristics in the required frequency bands