A Study on Aggregation Properties of Surfactants in Aqueous Solution of Anti Hiv Drugs

Abstract

newlineSurface science is a captivating field that delves into the intricate properties of amphiphiles, particularly focusing on micellar formations and the thermodynamic behaviour of surfactants, which are surface-active substances. Surfactants find extensive applications across various industries including drug delivery, detergency, food processing, cosmetics, corrosion inhibition, textiles and agriculture etc. Among these applications, their role in drug delivery stands out as crucial, especially in the current context of combating viral infections. Surfactants offer an optimal pathway for drug delivery owing to their ability to form diverse micellar structures such as monolayers, bilayers, cubic and hexagonal phases. These structures facilitate the encapsulation of drug molecules either at the surface or within the micellar core, thereby reducing degradation rates, toxicity and other adverse effects associated with excessive accumulation. To build this gap, current study examines the micellization of conventional ionic surfactants: sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), as well as bile salts: sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), in aqueous solutions of anti-HIV drugs: emtricitabine (ECT) and lamivudine (LMV). This investigation aims to unravel the electrostatic, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic interactions through various measurements including conductivity, uv-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence, density, speed of sound, viscosity, and surface tension. Furthermore, to understand the various interactions prevalent in the ternary system of surfactant-drug-water, the relative viscosity parameter. The results obtained from all studies are in good agreement with each other as well as with the reported literature. By addressing the issues of toxicity, poor bioavailability and drug resistance, this knowledge of drug-surfactant interactions may help chemists create more effective anti-HIV medication compositions.