Development of Vanadium Based Cathode Materials for Lithium Ion Battery Application

Abstract

Li ion battery (LIB) has garnered enormous attention towards high power applications like electric-vehicles (EV) and hybrid electrical vehicles (HEV). The power and energy densities of LIBs often relies on the cathode materials and therefore, continuous efforts are being made to replace the traditional cathode materials with moderate energy and power densities. Numerous research efforts have been made towards development of vanadium based compounds as alternate to traditional cathode materials owing to their advantageous attributes such as affordable cost, easy synthesis, high chemical stability coupled with multiple redox properties. These vanadium based compounds include vanadium oxides, trivanadates, and NASSICON type of fluorophosphate frameworks because of their layer structure, facile intercalation chemistry, and high theoretical capacity; additionally, phosphates framework materials have high chemical stability as well as high voltage. Although the vanadium based compounds face several challenges due to their poor electrical conductivity newline