Biochemical evaluation of buck wheat Fagopyrum esculentum Moench genotypes

Abstract

newline ABSTRACT newlineThe present investigation entitled, Biochemical evaluation of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) genotypes was carried out in the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences, CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur during 2007-2009. The grains samples of fourteen buck wheat varieties / genotypes were collected from Mountain Agriculture Research and Extension Centre (MAREC), Sangla of the University during 2007-2008 and samples of fresh leaves were harvested during the year 2009. For storage studies, three buck wheat grains samples procured one from Palampur (Market sample) and two promising genotypes; OC-2 and S-B-1 were stored in triplicate at room temperature for one year from December 2008 to December 2009 in different storage structures viz. gunny bags, polythene bags and metallic bins and were analysed at an interval of three months. Moisture, protein , total sugars and total free amino acids were determined by the standard procedures.Mean value of moisture, fat, ash, crude fibre, carbohydrates, total soluble protein, methionine, tryptophan, in vitro protein digestibility and oxalate evaluated in the grains of buckwheat genotypes during both the years of experimentation showed the range of variation from 10.2 10.9%, 1.7 2.8%, 6.1- 9.2%, 62 67.9%, 9.4 13.3 %, 57.9 -103.4 mg/g N, 62.22 79.2 mg/g N, 66.7 79.5 % and 98 152 mg/100g respectively. Overall superior multipurpose genotypes were identified as VL-27 followed by PRB-9001, S-B-201 and Emka in grain buckwheat based on desirable quality attributes in descending and anti nutritional factors in ascending order. In the fresh leaves of buck wheat genotypes, significant variation in moisture, fat, ash, crude fibre, carbohydrates, ascorbic acid, oxalates, in vitro protein digestibility, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese and copper was noticed from 87.4 92.2 %, 22.4 -30.4%, 10.5 -15.4%, 12- 13.9%, 34.9 42.4 %, 25 29.2 mg/100g, 1.25 1.39%, 53.4 65.1 %, 1.77 2.04, 808 -910 mg/100g, 394 409 mg/100g, 232 248.2 mg/100g, 3.1 6.1 mg/100g, 20.4 -29.8 mg/100g and 0.2 1.4 mg/100g, in that order. Based on cumulative grading, IC -323731 followed by Kullu gangetri, VL-27and S-B-214 emerged out best genotypes in buckwheat leaves. Thus, nutritionally superior buck wheat genotypes for grains and leaves on individual quality trait(s) for crop improvement purpose were found out, but based on genotypic grading versatile genotypes were also identified for further value addition purpose. Flavonoid rutin content evaluated in leaves, grains and hull of promising genotypes, and ranged from 1.70 to 2.86% in leaves, 0.03 to 0.09 in grains and 0.02 to 0.10 % in hull of promising buckwheat genotypes and found highest in leaves (2.86%) and lowest in hull (0.02%) in VL-7. The rutin content was observed as 1.63,1.46 and 0.08 % in leaves,grains and hull of tartary buckwheat i.e., released variety Shimla-B-1. Storage of buck wheat seeds at room temperature for 12 months resulted in alternations in biochemical constituents of dietary importance. Metallic bins were found to be superior most packaging material for storage in retaining the nutritional attributes of the grains. newline