A study on novel diagnostic biomarkers and histopathological changes in contrast induced acute kidney injury

Abstract

Some of the recent biomarkers like NGAL (Neutrophil Gleatinase newlineAssociated Lipocaline), KIM 1 (Kidney Injury Molecule 1), cystatin C, newlineinterleukin-18, NHE-3 (Na/H exchanger isoform 3) and L-FABP (liver fatty acid newlinebinding protein) are detected when there is an acute kidney injury. Keeping in newlineview of paucity of information on early detection of contrast induced newlinenephropathy and the dose at which contrast insult on the kidney occurs the newlinecurrent study was designed to correlate and compare the recent novel newlinebiomarkers (NGAL, cystatin C and interleukin-18) with conventional newlinebiomarkers (urea and creatinine) in male Wistar rats and a dose response newlinestudy was designed in female Wistar rats to find out the dose of contrast insult newlineon kidney by correlating with histopathological changes. The study concludes that NGAL, cystatin C and IL-18 (novel newlinebiomarkers) may probably be used as early diagnostic biomarkers to detect newlinecontrast induced AKI or contrast induced nephropathy in male Wistar rats and newlineinterleukin-18 is early to be detected when compare to all other novel and newlineconventional biomarkers. Doses of 0.15 mL and 0.3 mL is probably safe, as newlinethese doses has not shown any detectable histological changes in female newlineWistar rats kidney and in serum levels of NGAL, creatinine and urea both in 3 newlinehours and 6 hours after contrast insult. Early detection of the contrast induced acute kidney injury by evaluating novel biomarkers can prevent the loss of newlinekidney functions further as preventive theuraptic measured can be followed to newlinestop further advance of kidney injury newline