Study Of Techniques For Design Of Planar Isotropic and Microstrip Patch Antenna Array

Abstract

Abstract Antennas play a crucial role in facilitating wireless communication, serving as both transmitters and receivers of radio waves. To ensure effective signal transmission over a specified range, transmitting antennas must possess sufficient gain. However, a single antenna often falls short in meeting the demands of long-distance communication, where higher gain is required. Increasing the gain, though, also broadens the beam width, leading to signal dispersion in unwanted directions, which can compromise communication efficiency. This highlights the need for alternative solutions, such as antenna arrays, to achieve optimal performance in long-distance wireless communication. To overcome the limitations of single antennas in long-distance communication, multiple antennas can be combined to form an array. An antenna array offers a solution to the range and gain constraints, enabling more effective signal transmission over greater distances. Additionally, antenna arrays provide the flexibility to precisely adjust the beam width, allowing for more targeted and efficient communication. By harnessing the collective capabilities of multiple antennas, arrays can achieve superior performance, making them an ideal solution for applications requiring reliable and high-gain wireless communication. Generally, types of antenna arrays are broadside, end fire, collinear and parasitic arrays. Advantages of linear arrays include to increase the overall gain, high directivity and high signal to noise ratio is obtained. Planar arrays including directional beams with high gain, symmetrical radiation patterns with low side lobes, significantly higher directivity than individual elements, resulting in narrower main beams and ability to steer the main beam in any direction. In this thesis linear and planar synthesis followed by planar array design with practical implementation mentioned. Initially linear, planar array of isotropic elements designed using evolutionary computing tools with main objective to reduce sidelobe level of