association of adiponectin leptin ratio alr homa ir and crp in obese patients with and without type two diabetes mellitus

Abstract

newline Introduction: Obesity is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality due to newlineassociated risk factors, including Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Obese and newlinediabetic patients have lower amounts of adiponectin. Leptin, a hormone released by newlineadipocytes that controls hunger, is crucial in the emergence of obesity. Furthermore, it newlinehas been claimed that the Adiponectin/Leptin Ratio (ALR) correlates with Insulin newlineResistance (IR) better than adiponectin or leptin alone. newlineAim: To evaluate Adiponectin, Leptin, Insulin, C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and newlinecalculate Adiponectin/Leptin ratio (ALR), Homeostasis Model Assessment-Insulin newlineResistance (HOMA-IR) in obese patients with and without T2DM and compare the newlinevariations, if any, from the normal participants. newlineMaterials and Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was carried out at newlineSri Guru Ram Das (SGRD) University of Health Sciences, Amritsar and Punjab newlineInstitute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Jalandhar from January 2020 to December newline2022. A total of 125 participants of either gender aged above 18 years, visiting the newlinemedicine Outpatient Department (OPD) of PIMS, Jalandhar, were included in the newlinestudy. Among them, 25 healthy volunteers served as controls. Serum levels of newlineAdiponectin, Leptin, and Insulin were estimated using the Enzyme-Linked newlineImmunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Glycated newlinehemoglobin (HbA1c), Lipid profile and C- Reactive Protein (CRP) was measured newlineusing kits on autoanalysers. The data obtained was statistically analysed using one newlinevii newlineway Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test (with Bonferroni post-hoc) and chi-square test newlinewas used for categorical variables. newlineResults: A total of 125 participants were analysed in the present study, with 50 being newlineobese with T2DM (Group 1) (mean age: 50.22±8.6 years), 50 being obese without T2DM newline(Group 2) (mean age: 46.9±9.8 years), and 25 being non-obese non-diabetic individuals newline(Group 3) (mean age: 42.8±9.09 years). A higher number of females 78 (62%) reported to