INDUCTION AND STABILIZATION OF CHLORPYRIFOS TOLERANCE in ANABAENA SP PCC 7119

Abstract

In the era of net zero , lifestyle for environment and green growth , the responsibility of citizens are more inclined towards the control of air, water, and soil pollution caused by excessive fossil fuels, metals, plastics, synthetic chemical application and their impact on ecosystem and environment. Undoubtedly, the use of pesticides to target unwanted interruption in the production processes and yield, is decisive to keep pace with the growing demand of emerging world for food and nutrition. Preordained consequences of agrochemicals specifically pesticides, brought serious threat to humans, animals, plants and microbes. Precise application and eradication of these chemicals from the fields and nearby ecosystems is today s concern and the main motif is to maintain a substantial and organised food web. Though, since the introduction of insecticides, we are advancing in the sphere of target specific chemicals with low retention time in the ecosystem and easy degradation potential, demand of certain insecticides still in the top having comparatively high soil half-life. The organophosphorus (OP) insecticides fit to this category, thus dominating the production and use for on-field pest control. Among the most used insecticides, chlorpyrifos (CP) occupies the top position in terms of consumption in agricultural sectors and ranks 6th in terms of production (as of 2022-23). The excessive use of CP leads to its accumulation and causes acute toxicity to soil microbes. However, degradation is the basic procedure to remove the parent residues and co-metabolites from the soil to maintain soil physical and biochemical properties. Besides various physical and chemical methods of degradation, biodegradation of these chemicals using native microbial community is noteworthy, which promotes green approaches to manage the problem of residual toxicity. Various microbes specifically bacterial and fungal strains, either isolated from contaminated soil or developed in laboratory condition, have been proven to express their abili