Incorporation of industrial by products as fine aggregate in metakaolin cement concrete a feasibility study

Abstract

Generally the main ingredients of conventional concrete arecement, sand, coarse aggregate and water. During the hydration andmanufacturing of cement, the large amount of heat is produced and thegreen-house gas CO2 is emitted which causes global warming and climate newlinechange. And the natural sand is consumed for producing concrete which leadsto depletion of natural resources. In order to overcome this difficulty, thetraditional concrete making materials are replaced by industrial wastes.Here in this study, the industrials wastes such as, GGBS,metakaolin and copper slag are partially replaced as cement and sandrespectively in concrete. Every year, a large amount of GGBS, kaolin andcopper slag is emitted from these industries. GGBS is the by product from theiron making industry, metakaolin from kaolin production industry and copperslag from copper manufacturing industry. newline newline