Investigations on hardware realization of soft sensors

Abstract

A Soft Sensor (SS) is an empirical model designed to infer process newlinestate and product quality variables that are challenging to measure in real-time newlineusing readily available process measurements. By utilizing one or more newlinemeasured variables and incorporating an empirical or theoretical dynamic newlinemodel, soft sensors offer valuable information for a variety of applications. newlineThey serve as effective tools in inferring critical variables that are otherwise newlinehard to measure directly, enabling enhanced decision-making and improved newlinesystem performance. newline Soft sensor technology serves as an enabling technology for industrial newlineusers, empowering them to enhance productivity, increase energy efficiency, newlinemitigate environmental impact, and ultimately improve business profitability. newlineBy leveraging the capabilities of soft sensors, industrial users can optimize their newlineoperations, reduce resource consumption, and make informed decisions to newlinedrive overall business growth and success. newline It can be seen that a large number of soft sensors are used in industries newlinesuch as chemical plants, refineries, environmental etc. Few popular soft sensors newlineare, estimating kerosene freezing point in an atmospheric distillation unit, newlineestimating sulphur in sulphur recovery unit in refinery units, measuring newlinesubstrate concentration in bioreactors for higher yield, estimating kappa newlinenumber to measure pulp quality in paper industry, measuring moisture in wood newlinein paper industry, estimation of State of Charge (SOC) and State-of-Health newline(SOH) of batteries used in electric vehicles etc. newline