Design and performance analysis of high speed terahertz antenna using photonic crystal

Abstract

In the field of wireless communication, the terahertz (THz) band plays a vital role. Within a few years, it is possible to achieve data transmission at the rate of Terabits per second (Tbps). THz is referred to as the greenfield spectrum, which is readily available as a broader spectrum. High bandwidth, less interference, safe connectivity, non-ionizing in nature and miniaturization are the advantages of THz. Satellite-to-satellite connectivity has recently been recognized as an essential market for THz frequency in wireless systems. Applications in the fields of spectroscopy, meteorology, food inspection imaging, cancer treatment, THz parametric imaging for dental caries, nanomachines, body area network, wireless on-chip network, nano-stuff internet, wireless nanosensor networks and vehicular networks have also been covered by the THz spectrum. newlineOver the years, microstrip patch antennas have been thoroughly studied and used for various applications, such as satellite and mobile communications. It has various advantages, such as planar form, durability, bandwidth extension, miniaturization and multiband operation. In spite of the advantages, there are also few disadvantages to the traditional patch antenna, such as less gain, narrow bandwidth, insufficient power handling capability and excitation of surface waves. These problems are solved by incorporating the concept called Photonic Crystal (PhC). PhC is an organic structure with periodic differences in the refractive index. PhC has low dielectric constant air holes that are drilled into high dielectric material from each other so that electromagnetic wave propagation is wholly prohibited for frequency selection in both directions, called Photonic Band Gap (PBG). newline