Phytochemical Biological Pharmacological Evaluation of Kedrostis foetidissima Jacq Cogn and Plant Mediated synthesis of metal nanoparticles

Abstract

Plants are the natural bio resources comprising of secondary metabolites possessing significant medicinal properties. Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.)Cogn, belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family, is a traditional medicinal plant, have been used for centuries by South Indians, Sri Lankans, Kenyans, People of Uganda, Ethiopia and Western Malaysia as an effective remedy against various ailments. The present study was aimed to explore the medicinal efficacy of Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.)Cogn, through phytochemical screening, isolation of compounds, Kedrostis-mediated synthesis of nanoparticles, biological and pharmacological evaluation of extracts, isolated compounds and metal nanoparticles. Column chromatographic isolation reveals the presence of three 1-monoglycerides of fatty acids, long chain aliphatic ester, Quercetin- 3-O-rhamnoside, Cucurbitacin glycoside and Rutin. Proximate analysis reveals leaf possess high fat and wax (23.92 %) high water soluble ash (88.44) content and stem possesses high total ash (14.38%), acid insoluble ash (24.84 %) and crude fibre (79.96%). Nanosilver of appreciable size was synthesised by sonication method and nanogold by sunlight. Various solvent extracts of leaf and stem show appreciable antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus sp, Klebsiella sp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Corynebacterium, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigates, Candida tropicalis, Candida albicans, almost all compounds isolated from leaf ethanol extract column show significant antimicrobial activity on Corynebacterium and Candida albicans fungi; leaf and stem ethanol extract impregnated face mask show significant zone against Corynebacterium and Candida albicans fungi; leaf ethanol extract shows significant antioxidant activity (88.18 %); appreciable reducing activity (0.7841) and stem ethanol (IE 50 -26.67 and#956;g/ml); stem chloroform (IE 50 -25.98 and#956;g/ml) extracts show excellent anti-diabetic activity and selected isolate compounds show significant inhibition on and#945;- amylase of both sources at 10and#956;