Procreation of Energy efficient topologies for data transmission in underwater wireless sensor network

Abstract

Water, being an essential component for survival of and#64258;ora and fauna and covers almost 71.4% area on the Earth. It undergoes various chemical, thermal and physical changes due to man made and natural hazard which deteriorate the water quality. In order to monitor the quality of water with respect to its physical parameters such as Electrical Conductivity, pH, Tem perature, Chloride and Dissolved Oxygen, a consistent monitoring methodology is required. For the purpose, the different sampling techniques were suggested earlier that focused on evaluating underwater quality through sample collection manually from various locations. These samples are further sent for laboratory testing which is time consuming process. The techniques face various challenges like manpower, continuous monitoring, high cost and complex installation. To address the challenges, Underwater Sensor Network (UWSN) came into existence that targets to gather data through the sensors as a wired or wireless network. These network exhibits some limitations such as acoustic communication, large number of sensors, low bandwidth, high latency, high bit error rate, limited energy and data storage. Due to these limitations, they suffer inefand#64257;cient means for communication between sensors and surface station. As an improvement, the Underwater Acoustic Sensor network (UWASN), a networking methodology of UWSN, is used for communication. UWASN consists of variable number of sensors and autonomous vehicles, to perform collaborative monitoring tasks over targeted area. These network captures physical parameters and images using different kind of sensors and forward them to surface station through acoustical signals.