Design and analysis of dng metamaterial inspired antenna for lte applications

Abstract

The rapid development of wireless technology demands wide band width and high data rates equipment for mobile communication systems. The Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard for fourth generation (4G) is continuously gaining its popularity because of its high data rate support. The fifth-generation (5G) is the latest generation to roll out the extremely high data rates services like vehicle to everything (V2X) communications, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) and massive machine type communications (mMTC) in near future. The recent mobile standards are gaining an escalating popularity due to the increasing demand of high speed wireless communication in portable devices. On the other hand, the recent growth of wireless communication systems has produced a great demand for compact antennas which may fit inside any radio device without protruding out. In modern wireless communication systems, the microstrip patch antennas are commonly used antenna as they provide certain advantages such as low profile, low weight and relatively low manufacturing cost. However, patch antenna has the limitations of narrow bandwidth, less radiation efficiency and low gain. Metamaterial based patch antennas may be the good solutions to meet all these requirements. Metamaterial are artificial structures have negative values of permittivity (and#603;) or permeability (and#956;) or both, which leads to negative refractive index. Due to negative refractive index it supports backward waves and exhibits many more extraordinary properties like that. Due to these unusual properties metamaterial can change the electric and magnetic property of electromagnetic wave passing through it and can modify the properties. The demerits of the antenna can be controlled with the integration of such type of metamaterial. newlineThe research initialize with parameter retrieval techniques evaluation for unambiguous determination of metamaterial properties. The refractive index, permeability and permittivity are estimated using sc