Reliable and Secure Fog Enabled Architecture in Healthcare Services Utilizing Blockchain

Abstract

The integration of fog and blockchain technologies creates a new paradigm to facilitate secure, reliable, and low latency in healthcare services. This work proposes a new multilayer fog-enabled architecture for healthcare systems that employs blockchain for tamper-proof, auditable data management and advanced lightweight cryptography for constrained environments. A new Functional Biased Elliptic Curve Cryptography (FBECC) algorithm is proposed to provide efficient and secure encryption optimized for fog nodes, further enhanced through a Galactic Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm (GBCOA) to decrease encryption time and improve key randomness. newlineThe architecture uses a dual-mode data-handling model to classify data into critical or non- critical streams, enabling real-time edge processing for life-critical signals while routine data is securely archived onto a blockchain. The Stellar Consensus Protocol (SCP) achieves rapid consensus across distributed fog clusters, crucial where consensus speed and energy efficiency are vital. AI-informed anomaly detection facilitates real-time health monitoring, and smart contracts enable dynamic, patient- centric access control aligned with GDPR and HIPAA compliance. newline newline