Development of Electrochemical Sensors for Clinical Food Safety and Environmental Analysis

Abstract

The thesis presents the development of electrochemical sensors which finds application in clinical,food safety and environmental applications. Five different sensors were developed of which four were suitable for simultaneous determination of closely related analytes. The sensors were developed electrochemically using potential-assisted polymerization process. The results have been delineated through chapters 3 7 enabling to get the complete idea of the design and development of the work carried out. The thesis has been divided into eight chapters and the contents present in each chapter are briefly described here. Chapter 1 outlines the introduction on various types of sensors and the significance of electrochemical sensors. The principle and applications of electrochemical sensors are also showcased. A brief sketch of terms used in electroanalytical chemistry has also been discussed. A detailed literature review associated with the simultaneous electroanalysis using polymer modified electrodes has also been incorporated. newlineChapter 2 gives an idea of the chemicals used along with the procedure for preparation of newlinevarious buffer solutions, stock solutions of analytes used in the study etc. newlineInstrumentation details were also presented in this chapter. Fabrication of different newlineelectrode materials was incorporated in detail. Also a description of real sample newlinetesting of the developed sensors and the verification procedure using standard newlinemethod has been added in this chapter. Chapter 3-5 is devoted for the application of electrochemical sensor in clinical analysis. Chapter 3 describes the development of electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of adenosine, adenine and uric acid. The developed sensor was based on the electroxidation of these three biomolecules on Poly (2-amino-5-mercapto- 1,3,4-thiadiazole) modified pencil graphite electrode. Developed electrode were characterized using different techniques like FE-SEM, IR spectroscopy, newlineelectrochemical ways and the sensing parameters were optimized.