Slums In Ludhiana And Bathinda Cities Of Punjab A Socio Geographical Analysis

Abstract

iii newlineABSTRACT newlineSLUMS IN LUDHIANA AND BATHINDA CITIES OF PUNJAB: A SOCIO-GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS newlineName of the Student newline: newlineAmandeep Kaur newlineRegistration Number: newline: newline12phdgeg01 newlineDegree for which submitted : Doctorate of Philosophy newlineName of Supervisor newline: newlineDr. Kiran Kumari Singh newlineName of Centre newline: newlineGeography and Geology newlineName of School newline: newlineSchool of Environment and Earth Sciences newlineKeywords newline: newlineSlums, Basic Amenities, Notified, Non-Notified, Participation, Ludhiana, Bathinda. newlineAbstract: Wellbeing of slum dwellers needs efficient delivery of basic amenities and facilities. Over many decades several programmes and policies have been implemented to ensure decent quality of life to the slum dwellers but parts of many cities are still in the state of deprivation from basic amenities. This study analyses the status of available basic amenities and facilities in two cities of Punjab: Ludhiana and Bathinda. The study also highlighted the effectiveness of policies and programs in slums of both the cities. Field survey was conducted in different phases to collect data on eight basic amenities and facilities in slum areas. The study did not only brought out the status of availability of basic amenities but also analysed the level of satisfaction of the slum dwellers. The study also focused on the gender wise participation of slum dwellers in urban economic activities by examining the factors influencing their participation. The desirable data for the present study was collected from secondary and primary sources. The secondary data for the study was collected from publishes and unpublished resources such as Punjab Municipal Infrastructure Development Company, Municipal Corporations and Town and Country Planning departments of Ludhiana and Bathinda cities, research papers, articles, books, newspapers and other web sources. The primary data was collected through interview schedule and check list from selected notified and non-notified slums of Ludhiana and Bathinda cities. The collected data was analysed by using various statistical methods like descriptive