Fabrication of supercapacitor electrode materials for energy storage applications

Abstract

including data processing, sensing, and communication. The creation of newlinea flexible supercapacitor is very important because supercapacitors may reach newlinebetter energy and power densities than ordinary parallel plate capacitors and newlinebatteries. This field of study is now focusing on enhancing device manufacturing, newlineperformance, and electrode productivity, as well as reducing the difficulties of newlinedevice packing. This thesis investigates hybrid electrode components for newlinesupercapacitor applications comprising of electrode components such as carbon, newlinemetals, and metal oxides, as well as their properties. The hybrid electrode newlinematerials were obtained by mixing different weight percentages of rGO, CaCO3, newlineY2O3, and Pb3O4 nanoparticles prepared in pure form. The structure and newlinemorphology of the synthesized nanomaterials and their hybrid forms were newlineelucidated through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transformation newlineinfra-red spectroscopic technique, X-ray diffractometer, field emission scanning newlineelectron spectroscopic technique attached with energy dispersive X-ray newlinespectroscopy, and Brunauer Emmett Teller analysis. Various weight percentages newlineof these electrode materials were mixed and brush coated over metal foil, and their newlineelectrochemical features were evolved. A symmetric supercapacitor prepared by newlinecoating 2.5CaCO3-rGO over metal foil with Na2SO4 as electrolyte displayed newlinespecific capacitance (Csp) of 84.5 F/g with a lower equivalent series resistance newline(ESR) of 17 and#937;/cm2. Similarly, a supercapacitor obtained from 5Y2O3-rGO newlinedisplayed a Csp of 249 F/g having an ESR of 20.8 and#937;/cm2 and the 3Pb3O4-rGO newlinecoated electrodes packed with Na2SO4 electrolyte-soaked paper exhibited a Csp of newline377 F/g with an ESR of 61.2 and#937;/cm2. Among the three different series, the newlineelectrode that displayed the highest performance was the 3Pb3O4-rGO, which was newlineused to prepare a prototype. The various electrochemical characteristics of three newlineprototypes, 2.5CaCO3-rGO, 5Y2O3-rGO, and 3Pb3O4-rGO, were measured and newlinecompared. Based on the comparison, newline