A framework of deep learning approaches for predictive analytics in cancer diagnosis and prognosis

Abstract

Cancer is a Non-Communicable Disease (NCD), which means it newlinedoes not spread from person to person. Cancer is a broad range of disorders that newlinecan originate in virtually any organ or tissue found within the body. Cancer newlinedevelops when unwanted cells grow uncontrollably, travel beyond their natural newlinebounds to infiltrate neighbouring regions of the body, and/or and spread to other newlineorgans. The next stage in development of cancer tissue is referred to as newlinemetastasizing, and it is one of the primary reasons people pass away from newlinecancer. Other terms frequently used to refer to cancer include neoplasm and newlinemalignant tumour. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), newlinecancer is the second biggest cause of death worldwide. It estimates that cancer newlinewas the cause of death for 9.6 million people worldwide in 2018, making it the newlineleading cause of death worldwide. Breast, colorectal, lung, cervical, and thyroid newlinecancers are the most common forms of cancers found in women, whereas lung, newlineprostate, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancers are the most prevalent common newlinetypes of cancers found in males. newlineThe global burden of cancer continues to increase, putting an newlineincredible amount of stress, both physically and emotionally, as well as newlinefinancial pressure, on individuals, families, communities, and healthcare newlinesystems. Many of the healthcare systems in low-income and middle-income newlinecountries are the least prepared to deal with the burden of treating cancer newlinepatients, which results in a significant proportion of cancer patients around the newlineworld not having access to excellent diagnosis and treatment in a timely newlinemanner.When cancer is discovered in its earlier stages, treatment can be far newlinemore successful, and the likelihood of survival is significantly improved. newlineDespite this, approximately half of all malignancies are discovered at a more newlineadvanced stage. A significant improvement in life expectancy could be newlineachieved through the enhancement and earlier identification of cancer.