Understanding Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Association with Aerobic Rice in Relation to Strigolactone Hormone for Enhancement of Phosphorus Uptake

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the primary source of food and nutrition for more than half newlineof the world s population. In Asia alone, approximately 90% of the freshwater has been newlinediverted for agricultural purposes. To mitigate water dependency aerobic rice cultivation newlineis cutting-edge method. The aerobic rice cultivation is mainly introduced for minimizing newlinewater usage as well as reducing some input cost as compared to conventional methods newlineof rice cultivation, this is refers to the practice of growing rice in non-flooded or welldrained newlineaerobic conditions and non-puddled soils. In aerobic rice cultivation, the newlinephosphate fixation in soil is one of the major problems which affects the yield, hence the newlineresearchers are mainly focusing to identify viable ecofriendly approach to solve this newlineproblem. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are one of the most essential components newlineof the soil microbiome and play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and the mediation of newlineplant responses to different environmental stresses. Several studies have reported AMF newlinediversity in rice and very limited information is available on their performance under newlineaerobic conditions, but the intervention with suitable AMF will resolve the issue of soil newlineP deficiency in aerobic rice cultivation by activating phosphate transporter gene newlineregulation and increasing the efficiency of inorganic phosphate (Pi) accumulation and newlinetranslocation in rice. The recent findings indicate that around 85 years after the initial newlinediscovery of the plant hormone auxin a novel category of plant hormones known as newlinestrigolactones (SLs) was recently discovered. This new generation of and#946;-carotenoid newlinederivative plant hormones and signaling molecules exhibits unparalleled biological newlineefficacy across a range of pivotal plant processes, extending their influence beyond the newlineplant itself into the rhizosphere, the soil layer surrounding the plant roots, and teeming newlinewith diverse life forms. SLs regulating and signaling genes, viz. DWARF 53 (D35) and newlineX newlineOsSPL14 (SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE 14)