a study to assess the incidence and risk factors of oligohydramnios and its effect on maternal and perinatal outcomes among pregnant women attending gynae opd at sgrd hospital vallah amritsar

Abstract

Introduction: Oligohydramnios, a condition marked by a reduced volume of amniotic fluid, is often associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension, postdated pregnancies, premature rupture of membranes, previous history of oligohydramnios, placental insufficiency, congenital abnormalities and idiopathic causes. Additionally, it is closely linked to perinatal and maternal complications such as Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) and preterm delivery. Material and Methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a prospective cohort design. It was conducted at Sri Guru Ram Das Hospital, Vallah, Amritsar, in the OBG and Gynae OPD, labor room, postnatal wards, and NICU. The study involved 500 pregnant women at or beyond 28 weeks of gestation, followed until delivery while receiving care. Data collection utilized a self-structured tool covering socio-demographics, clinical variables, maternal assessment sheets and maternal and perinatal outcomes sheet, gathered through interviews and observations. Results: The study found that 13% of pregnant women were diagnosed with oligohydramnios, with the majority of cases being identified between the 32 - 35 weeks of gestation. Significant risk factors associated with oligohydramnios included a history of oligohydramnios in a previous pregnancy, leakage per vagina in the current pregnancy, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Maternal outcomes following delivery were influenced by factors such as gestational age at delivery, the color of amniotic fluid, and the mode of delivery, all of which were statistically significant. Regarding perinatal outcomes, factors such as cry at birth, birth weight, the need for resuscitation, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and perinatal mortality were also found to be statistically significant at 0.05 level. Conclusion: The study significantly contributes to maternal and perinatal health by providing a comprehensive understanding of oligohydramnios and offering valuable insi