Evaluation Of Antimicrobial And Antiobesity Activities of Phytochemicals From Moringa oleifera Leaves And Seeds in Caenorhabditis elegans

Abstract

Globally, microbial infections and non-communicable diseases newlinehave been increasing at an alarming rate. NCDs such as diabetes, newlinecardiovascular diseases, cancers, obesity and microbial infections can newlineinteract adversely, together with factors like urbanization, dietary newlinepatterns, and sedentary lifestyle, which have become the main drivers of newlinehealth epidemics. Research and development have been launched for joint newlineinterventions against noncommunicable and infectious diseases to make newlineit an important policy consideration that requires new rational approaches. newlineAs natural products from plants are receiving increasing attention; the newlinepotential advantages of leaves and seeds of M. oleifera as novel newlineantimicrobial and anti-obesity candidates have been researched in this newlinestudy. newlineExtraction, characterization and in silico molecular docking of newlinebioactives from M. oleifera leaves and seeds were studies. Various newlinesecondary metabolites, high number of phytochemicals and essential newlinevitamins were found in both leaves and seeds of Moringa. However, the newlineMadurai variety of M. oleifera leaves showed high contents of phytochemicals. A novel phytobiotic named clinasterol was identified newlinefrom the Moringa leaves extract using GC-MS and in-silico molecular newlinedocking analysis. A biopeptide of lt7.5 kDa size termed Napin was found newlinein Moringa seed extracts based on LC-MS. newlineAntimicrobial potency of extracts of Moringa leaves and seed were newlineassessed. The findings suggests that MOL can inhibit S. aureus growth newlinedevelopment by cell wall damage (MIC - 2.5mg mL-1 newline, MBC - 5mg mL1 newline). The mode of action of ten compounds from Moringa leaves were newlineanalyzed by molecular docking on lipoprotein X complex (LpxC) and a newlinefour-chained structured bacterial type II topoisomerase binding protein newline(4PLB); which resulted in minimal to effective inhibition. Clionasterol newlinecompound showed the dock score of -17.504 and -21.827 Kcal/mol newlinerespectively, which can be utilized as an alternative to antibiotic for the newlineaction against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.