Survey Losses and Management of Cereal Cyst Nematode Heterodera avenae Wollenweber1924 on Wheat Triticum aestivum L

Abstract

newline The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae (Wollenweber, 1924) is newlineregarded as the most significant nematode pest of wheat and causing severe losses in newlineIndia due to favourable soil and environmental conditions. This nematode causes newline Molya disease in wheat and barley. Van Berkum and Seshadri (1970) estimated the newlinecereal cyst nematode, H. avenae alone causes an annual loss of Rs. six crores per newlineannum in the state of Rajasthan. According to Kumar et al., (2020), H. avenae causes newlinean average loss of 28.50% in wheat in Rajasthan and Haryana. newlineConsidering the economic significance of the cereal cyst nematode, H. avenae, newlinenumerous studies have been conducted on various aspects of its impact on wheat. newlineHowever, there remains a lack of comprehensive surveys, ecological assessments and newlinemanagement options for this nematode on wheat. Therefore, the present investigation newlinewas undertaken to address knowledge gaps and studied various aspects of H. avenae newlineon wheat. newlineDuring survey, two hundred and eleven samples were collected from forty six newlinevillages of Rajasthan. Results pertaining to survey revealed that occurrence of cereal newlinecyst nematode, Heterodera avenae was recorded 73.71 % from Zone IV A (Udaipur, newlineChittorgarh, Bhilwara, Rajsamand and Sirohi districts) and 78.18 % from Zone II A newline(Jhunjhunu and Sikar districts). On an average females/5 g root (13.06), cyst/200 cc newlinesoil (23.54) and larvae/200 cc soil (546.45) were recorded with 74.88 % occurrence newlinewas recorded from surveyed areas. newlineAvoidable losses trial exhibited that application of fluopyram 34.48 % SC at newline5ml/kg seed significantly increased fodder and grain yield at different locations newline(Bujhra, Madar and Nagda villages). Avoidable loss in grain yield were recorded at newlineBujhra (27.05 %), Madar (23.02 %) and Nagda (21.95). Net profit and cost benefit