Defect engineered materials for energy stronge and electrocatalsis

Abstract

The global energy system is undergoing a profound transformation driven by the dual newlineimperatives of addressing climate change and meeting rising energy demand. According to newlinethe World Energy Outlook 2024 (WEO 2024), energy demand is projected to grow at a newlinereduced rate of 0.7% annually between 2023 and 2030 in the Stated Policies Scenario newline(STEPS), reflecting increased energy efficiency and electrification effort. Despite these newlineadvances, fossil fuels continue to dominate the global energy mix, comprising 80% of newlineenergy demand in 2023. By 2050, this share is projected to decline to 58% under the STEPS newlineas clean energy sources rise to prominence newline